119 3rd Ave S Lower Level, Nashville, TN 37201-2032 +1 61 Website Menu. 119 3rd Ave S Lower Level, Nashville, TN 37201-2032 +1 61 Website Menu. 327 reviews 87 of 1,318 Restaurants in Nashville American Steakhouse Vegetarian Friendly. Located underground in a one of a kind 10,000 square foot space, the venue offers an evening for guests unlike any other in the history of the South. 327 reviews 87 of 1,319 Restaurants in Nashville American Steakhouse Vegetarian Friendly. Reservations required for dining room, walk-ins welcome at bar subject to dress code. Specialties: House of Cards, named by OpenTable as one of Americas 100 Best Restaurants, is Nashvilles newest and most unique dining and entertainment experience. For dress code details, visit /reservations. Well-kept jeans are permitted and we kindly request guests to limit the wear of beach attire and sportswear while dining in the Supper Club. Complimentary tickets to magic performances in the showroom are included with purchase of a dinner entrée. Guests are encouraged to explore the dining room to enjoy the rare collections and be entertained by some of America’s top magicians who are stationed throughout the venue to provide mind boggling illusions and tricks all evening long. House of Cards celebrates the art of magic, classic American cuisine and fine hand-crafted cocktails under one roof. ft space, the venue offers an evening for guests unlike any other in the history of the South. House of Cards Nashville Yesterday at 11:44 AM We join the magic world as well as his friends and family in mourning the loss of Magic Castle co-founder Milt Larsen. Located underground in a one of a kind 10,000 sq. Reservations are required and include complimentary tickets to the magic performances in the showroom.Description: House of Cards, named by OpenTable as one of America’s 100 Best Restaurants, is Nashville’s newest & most unique dining and entertainment experience. Guests wearing ball caps are asked to dine. To further enhance the experience, House of Cards has a dress code and no-photography policy to ensure the privacy of guests. BUSINESS CASUAL, PROPER ATTIRE REQUIRED PLEASE: We ask that you kindly remove all hats when entering the restaurant. ft space, the venue offers an evening for guests unlike any other in the history of the South. House of Cards celebrates the art of magic, classic American cuisine and fine hand-crafted cocktails under one roof. Description: House of Cards, named by OpenTable as one of America’s 100 Best Restaurants, is Nashville’s newest & most unique dining and entertainment experience. A little fancier and more upscale, it has a separate menu. A post shared by House of Cards (hocnashville) Nashville's answer to L.A.’s Magic Castle, this space (in the basement below the Johnny Cash. From the beautiful handcrafted bar, to the multimillion dollar collection of art, European antiques and magic-related artifacts, the interior is the result of four years of design, planning and artisanship resulting in an authentic speakeasy ambience reminiscent of the 1930’s. The second floor of Merchants is open for dinner and has a totally different vibe than the bistro. Guests under the age of 21 must be accompanied by an adult who is 21+. Once guests are greeted, they begin a journey via secret tunnel which leads to a magical world that has been characterized as indescribable by anyone who’s visited. A Sunday brunch to enjoy with the whole family Brunch buffet is 60 per person and 40 for kids 12 and under. Located underground in a one of a kind 9500 square foot space, the venue offers an evening for guests unlike any other in the history of the South. House of Cards is Nashville’s newest and most unique dining and entertainment experience.
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1/22/2024 0 Comments Floola for windowsFloola supports all common used iPod features. Its a stand-alone application that can be run directly from your iPod and needs no installation under Linux, Mac OS X and Windows (Windows Vista is supported). And we do mean any: it runs on any version of Windows from 98 upwards. Floola is a freeware application to efficiently manage your iPod or your Motorola mobile phone (any model supporting iTunes). If you save the program to your iPod then you can launch it from any PC, right away. Other great apps like Floola are Winyl, CopyTrans Manager, Retro Music Player and Swinsian. The best Floola alternative is Metro - A music player for Android, which is both free and Open Source. Floola Desktop is another freeware application to manage your local PC music library. Floola lets you synchronise your schedule with your Google calendar export an HTML report listing your iPod files and there's even a "Repair" option to fix several iPod issues.Īnd most convenient of all, Floola is portable. There are more than 25 alternatives to Floola for a variety of platforms, including Windows, Mac, Android, Android Tablet and iPhone apps. Floola iPod and Floola Desktop are now available (version 2012r1) Floola is a freeware application to efficiently manage your iPod or your Motorola mobile phone (any model supporting iTunes except iPhone, iPod touch and nano 6G). Lightweight and full-featured, Floola is a comprehensive replacement for Apple’s iTunes software, capable of performing virtually all of the functions of the official management utility. Options to search for lost and duplicate songs will come in useful with large music collections. It's able to convert incompatible audio or video files to formats supported by your device, for instance. How To Activate Windows 7 Windows Genuine Advantage Validation v1.9.9. Floola for Windows 2012r1 9. The program includes a host of convenient features. You can only update the software for a Windows formatted iPod in Windows. You will have to use iTunes at least once to set up a new iPod, and upload at least one song, but after that Floola will take care of everything else: songs, videos, podcasts, photos and more. Floola Mac & Windows Music Rescue Mac & Windows (iPhone and iPod. If you don't like iTunes then Floola is a faster, more lightweight alternative. Floola is a free tool that makes it easy to manage your iPod, or Motorola mobile phone (any models that support iTunes, except the iPod touch and iPhone). News Freeware application to efficiently manage your iPod or your. 1/22/2024 0 Comments Google invoice for email serivesGoogle Docs gives you the option to adjust the size and rotation of your image and perform basic adjustments to get it looking perfect. Next, go to Insert > Image on your toolbar, choose the source folder, and select your logo or letterhead.ĭepending on this source, you will either be able to select ‘Insert’ or ‘Open’ to add the image to your file. To add this image to a document in Google Docs, use your cursor to select where you would like to insert the image on your page. The latter format is preferable, as it does not leave any borders or coloured spaces on an otherwise blank page background. If you’d like to add your logo to your invoice template, start by ensuring that you have a high-quality. You can use this feature to add your business logo or letterhead to your invoices to give them a more polished and professional look that will impress your clients. Google Docs enables you to add images to your documents and templates. If you want to streamline your invoicing process, read on to learn how to create and share an invoice template in Google Docs. You can use Google Docs to create spreadsheets, business documents, and even invoices and invoice templates with a range of professional tools.īetter still, you can share your invoice templates and complete invoices with employees, co-workers and clients using Google Docs’ cloud sharing features. However, its functionality extends far beyond the realms of simple document creation. If you use Google Docs, you may already know how versatile and user-friendly this Microsoft Word alternative is. There’s a free word processing suite that can help you to create professional invoices, and accessing it is as simple as being online. If you aren’t already utilising e-invoices, it’s about time that you did so.įortunately, this doesn’t mean that your business needs to budget for expensive accounting software. By 2027, it’s estimated that the global electronic invoicing market will exceed $24 billion. 1/22/2024 0 Comments Minnesota tater tot hotdish recipeTop with perfectly aligned rows and columns of Tater Tots (adding a layer of cheese under or over the tots, if desired) and season with salt and pepper.īake until the tots are golden brown and crispy on top begin checking for doneness at 35 minutes (or a few minutes earlier if you have cheese on top). Pour or ladle the mixture all over the ground beef and fold together to incorporate. Taste and adjust the seasoning as desired. Increase the heat and continue whisking frequently until it just begins to simmer, then reduce the heat to low and simmer very gently for 5 minutes, whisking occasionally. Whisk in the heavy cream, a bunch of turns of black pepper, the thyme, and the nutmeg. Whisk in the pale ale, then add the chicken stock very gradually, in 3 or 4 additions, whisking continuously and allowing the mixture to thicken before each addition. Melt the butter and whisk in the flour to make a paste. Set aside while you make the creamed soup.ĭiscard the juices that remain in the skillet, wipe it out, and return to medium heat. Use a slotted spoon to transfer the mixture to a 9 x 13-inch casserole dish and spread it out evenly. Stir in the green beans and cook for a few minutes, until thawed. Brown the beef, breaking it up with a spoon or spatula. Add the ground beef and season it with 1 teaspoon of salt. Add the shallots and a pinch of salt and cook, stirring, until softened, 5 to 7 minutes. Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat and add the oil. Arrange a rack in the upper third of the oven and preheat it to 450 degrees F. Gold: Breakside LIFE, Breakside Brewery & Taproom, Milwaukie, OR Silver: Cucumber Crush, 10 Barrel Brewing Co., Bend, ORīronze: Heart Island, Grand Fir Brewing, Portland, OR (image courtesy of the Brewers Association) Oregon Brewery Medal Winners Tonya Cornett with three medals for 10 Barrel Brewing at the 2023 Great American Beer Festival. Fellow Seattle brewery, Cloudburst Brewing took home a Silver and a Bronze while Kulshan Brewing out of Bellingham was awarded a Gold and Silver. Ghostfish Brewing earned a Gold and Silver in the Gluten-Free category. In Washington state, three breweries were multiple medal winners, each of these with two medals. Rounding out the Oregon multiple winning breweries is Bend Brewing Co. 10 Barrel Brewing also was awarded three medals, a Gold and Silver from its production facility and another Gold from its Bend Pub. Joining pFriem with three medals was Deschutes Brewery with three medals with two from its Portland Public House and a Gold from its Bend Public House. pFriem Family Brewers were awarded three medals, all from its Cascade Locks facility. (image courtesy of the Brewers Association)īreaking down these a bit further saw Breakside Brewery taking home a total of four medals that were entered from three different brewery locations. Grand Fir Brewing picked up its first medal in its first year of brewing at the 2023 Great American Beer Festival. Of these, there were 3 Gold Medals, 7 Silver Medals, and 4 Bronze Medals. Washington breweries were awarded a total of 14 medals. Of these, there were 9 Gold Medals, 8 Silver Medals, and 6 Bronze Medals. Oregon breweries were awarded a total of 23 medals. Regionally, the Pacific Northwest did quite well. The Brewers Association takes great pride in recognizing the achievements of this year’s winners.” “The beer community’s unwavering commitment to pushing the frontiers of innovation and quality is truly commendable. “The Great American Beer Festival competition serves as a platform for the finest beers from across the nation to undergo rigorous scrutiny and vie for the title of ‘Best in Class,’” remarked Chris Williams, competition director for the Great American Beer Festival. (image courtesy of the Brewers Association)Ĭhris Williams, GABF Competition Director, followed Hickenlooper where he gave props to all of the GABF sponsors and then quickly began into announcing the award winners. Breakside Brewery took at the 2023 Great American Beer Festival. He even touched upon how the spirits industry is luring beer drinkers away from the beverage of the common man. Hickenlooper spoke about the hard times that the brewing industry is currently facing. It kicked off with US Senator John Hickenlooper from Colorado and former owner of Wynkoop Brewing delivering the opening remarks. The awards ceremony was held at the Bellco Theatre in Denver on Saturday, September 23, 2023. Over the course of nine days, 250 judges evaluated 9,298 beers and awarded a total of 303 medals to 263 breweries in 101 various beer categories. This year marked the 37th edition of the GABF competition that saw 2,033 breweries from all 50 states plus Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico pay to enter the most respected beer competition in the United States. Oregon breweries took home a total of 23 medals while breweries in Washington state were awarded 14 medals. The 2023 Great American Beer Festival (GABF) announced its 2023 medal winners earlier today and the Pacific Northwest fared quite well. The cheery canary yellow used inside the balcony stands out beautifully in this home complete with slate grey and eggshell tones. Similarly, to avoid running the risk of making your house painting colours outside look dull, go for a bright colour to balance it out. If you’re going for a modern Indian house colour combination outside, you can mix whites with dark shades of grey for a chic look. In line with exploring highlights for your home colour outside, consider pairing contrasting neutrals for a striking effect. You can use any colour that suits your personality and have one or more walls in a complementary tone for added character.Īlso Read: Latest Paint Colour Ideas to Make Your Home Look Stunning #6: White and Slate Grey as House Painting Colours Outside Mix yellow, grey, and white together to create a chic exterior colour combination In simple terms, it refers to pairing together different shades of the same colour family for your home colour outside. Tone-on-tone combinations have been used extensively when it comes to Indian house colour combination outside. #5: White, Gray and Brown for Home Colour Outside Opt for a tone-on-tone colour combination for your exterior house paints This creates a focal point and helps you select the exterior colour from a wide range of basics. Paint the door in a bright hue, such as a beautiful cerulean, and keep the rest of the house colour outside muted. Being a part of your exteriors, they can further highlight your Indian house colour combination outside. Kick things up a notch by experimenting with painting doors, windows and furniture as well. Your house exterior colour need not be limited to just the walls. #4: Grey and Red for House Outside Colour Combination Eye-catching highlights make this exterior paint combo fresh and unique Similarly, you can even go for a bold shade of mustard to give your exteriors the pop of colour it deserves. If you’re not a fan of bright yellow house painting colours outside, use them to outline windows or wall niches. Moreover, there are a variety of yellow shades to choose from. However, this doesn’t mean you can’t amp up the look with bright exterior house paint in the right places. Influenced by their European counterparts, our homes now don a simple Indian house colour combination outside. #3: Yellow and Brown Exterior Wall Paint Colour Combination Go for bright exterior house paint colours to make a statementįor those who want to take a turn for the unconventional, go for a bright exterior wall paint colour combination. Similarly, lighter shades of blue are best suited for a small Indian house colour combination outside. Make sure your exterior wall paint colour combination doesn’t look jarring next to the surrounding landscape colours. If what you seek is a simple Indian house colour combination outside, consider your surroundings first. Wondering which shade of blue to go with for your house colour outside? We have an easy tip. In fact, going blue and white with your exterior paints for houses can transform the look of your home, creating a soothing and calming effect. No Indian house colour combination outside is as timeless or evergreen as white and blue. #2: White & Blue Exterior House Paint Blue and white are a classic combination for house exteriors However, be sure to choose the house colour outside that goes with the building’s style. Let’s get started!Ĭhances are you’ll see a mix of these colours being used in traditional style homes too. Instead of running to Pinterest for some inspiration, you can find your next exterior wall paint colour combination right here! Our foolproof house exterior colour tips will help you choose the best exterior paints for houses. So, it’s only right that the exteriors show off as much of your personality as your interiors! But how do you know what Indian house colour combination outside works and what doesn’t? While this may be true, what does this mean for our exteriors? After all, it’s the first thing guests see as they approach your home. They often say that our interiors form the heart and soul of our homes. What Are the Important Factors to Consider While Choosing House Colour Outside? Dos & Don’ts For Interior & Exterior House Colour As Per Vastu Guidelines What Does Vastu Shashtra Say on House Exterior Colours? What Are Some Useful Tips on Outside Colour Combinations for Indian Homes? What Are Some Outside Colour Ideas for Your Indian Style Simple House? What Are the Different House Exterior Colour Options for Home? 1/21/2024 0 Comments Jasper county fair 2021 scheduleDo not ask the operator to hold while you search for card numbers or social security numbers of others you are entering. Have your information ready on all the entries you will be entering. Entries will not be accepted if you are on the fines list.įines must be paid through the CPRA office. Contestants will be reimbursed by the rodeo secretary when you pay your fees.Ĭheck the fines list before you enter. CONT: ROCKING BAR M / HAT BRAND RODEO CO.Įntry Dates: (Perfs only: Nov. 11 – 7:30PMįees: (Cash Only) BB $70 / SB, BR $85/ CR, GBR, GBK $105 / TR $310 teamĪdded Money: $3,700 Total – BB,SB / BR / CR,GBK,GBR / TR teamīarstow Pro Rodeo Equipment $500 Gift Certificate to all event winners. 20 10AM TEXT (903)388-4316 or enter onsiteĪddress: Willis Ag Arena 13551 Roger Rd Willis, TXĢ Perfs: Friday, Nov. TRADES: Monday, October 16 9am until 12 noon, Tuesday, October 17įees: (Cash Only) TR 200/man can enter 2 timesĥ head progressive after 1, Top 20 short round slow back, pay short roundĪddress: Buddy & Edile Lightsey Arena 298 Rodeo Drive Caldwell, TX 77836Įntry Dates: OCT. Fees and fines apply to any turnout that receives 1st or 2nd preference. If contestant does not get one of your preferences you have until Monday 5pm to turnout without fine/fees. Wednesday, October 11 from 9am to 4pm, Thursday, October 12 from 9am to 4pmĪnd Friday, October 13 from 9am to12 noon Wednesday, October 11 9am and close Sunday, October 15 5pm Non-members that win $500 or more required to purchase UPRA membershipįees: (Cash Only) BB,SB,RB,BR $75 / GBR $85 / CR,SW,GBK $105 / TR $310 teamĪdded Money: BB,SB,RB $300 / BR $1,000 / CR,GBK,SW,GBR $250 / TR $600 team Non-members that win $500 or more will be required to purchase CPRA membership.įees: (Cash Only) BB,SB,BR $85 / RB $65/ GBR, GBK $105 / CR $125 / TR $310 teamĪdded Money: $11,750 Total – BB,SB,GBR,GBK,CR / BR / RB / TR teamĮntry Dates: (Perfs only: Oct t. Performances must fill before slack will be offered Perf Max – 10 in GBR – all other events 8 WATCH FOR MORE INFORMATION AND UPDATES COMING SOONĭAY MONEY OFFERED SEE HOME PAGE FOR DETAILSģ Perfs: Friday, Oct. To speed entries please prepare your rodeo count list ahead of calling. Five of these must be 1st CPRA sanctioned. NOTICE: All contestants must be prepared to list 10 rodeo you have competed in. 15- 1:30PMĪll fees must be paid by money order, cashiers check or credit card ($5 SC)Įntry Dates: Monday, October 2nd & Tuesday, October 3rd – 9AM – 5PM 1/21/2024 0 Comments Ditto in quantity surveyingThe study was aimed at appraising the readiness of Nigerian building contracting firms to adopt Building Information Modeling. The adoption of Building Information Modeling within the construction industry had led to notable improvement and resulted in improved time-to-market, reduced production cost, improved quality of the product and active customer involvement. Studies have shown that construction projects are susceptible to problems such as low productivity, poor safety, inferior working conditions, insufficient quality, lack of timely communication and coordination amongst project stakeholders, and rising litigation. It is recommended that use of ICT and location of firm/proximity to the site should be among the criteria for the selection of construction consultants for tertiary institution projects. It also reveals to their consultants the key qualifying criteria to possess for successful bidding in the institutions. This study offers tertiary institutions the priority that should be accorded construction consultant selection criteria for their projects. Respectively, under each of these groups, the most important sub-criteria are: public policy requirements, confidentiality and trust, perceived professional competence and experience with similar projects. In their order of decreasing importance, the criteria for selection of the consultants were grouped into four, namely: firm and firm owners characteristics, project approach, capacity to accomplish the work, and past performance. Secondly, 16 randomly selected respondents to the first survey were surveyed again based on a reduced number of consultant selection criteria, and the data was analyzed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). First, a survey of relevant staff of the institutions and their consultants (n=58) was made and analyzed using the RII technique. This study determined the order of priority of the criteria for the selection of consultants for public tertiary institution construction projects in Edo and Delta States. In spite of this, majority of projects in these institutions underperform due to poor management as a result of flaws in the selection of consultants. It is believed that the findings of this study will help the participants responsible for the delivery of educational buildings across the country to deliver cost effective buildings within the institutions.Īlmost all tertiary institutions' new construction projects in Nigeria have consultants. The major factors influencing this performance can be categorized under the financial management, contractors site management/project management, contract administration related factors and non-human related factors. The study revealed that the cost performance of these educational buildings is gradually improving as 4.78 percent deviation of final cost from initial estimated cost was discovered. Statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, Mean Item Score and Cronbach Alpha Test were employed in analysing the data gathered through questionnaire while Paired Samples T-Test was used to test the cost data gathered. Cost data of these selected projects were gathered through the use of pro forma in order to assess their cost performance, while questionnaire was administered on construction participants of the identified projects in order to determine the factors responsible for the cost performance. Thus, this study assessed the cost performance of educational buildings in Ondo State, Nigeria using selected building projects in five tertiary institutions. This situation is unhealthy for educational buildings which are executed with limited government funds. Unfortunately, most construction projects still fail to meet up with good cost performance. Over the years, cost has been a major yardstick for measuring success of construction projects. MHRA 'Ditto', All Acronyms, 11 October 2023, Bluebook All Acronyms, Ditto (Oct. Ditto, All Acronyms, viewed October 11, 2023, MLA All Acronyms. Retrieved October 11, 2023, from Chicago All Acronyms. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Quote Copy APA All Acronyms. 1/21/2024 0 Comments Hookah lounge atlantaAfter a major renovation, a new CO often needs to be issued.Before leasing, confirm that your landlord has or can obtain a valid CO that is applicable to a hookah lounge.It is generally the landlord’s responsibility to obtain a CO.A CO confirms that all building codes, zoning laws and government regulations have been met. Businesses operating out of a physical location typically require a Certificate of Occupancy (CO). Certificate of OccupancyĪ hookah lounge is generally run out of a storefront. To learn more about how sales tax will affect your business, read our article, Sales Tax for Small Businesses. Most businesses are required to collect sales tax on the goods or services they provide. Consider adopting a discount plan, rewarding returning customers, or offering food and drinks. Because shisha is a niche form of entertainment, a lot of customers will return to hookah bars with unique atmospheres. To become more profitable, you should create incentives. How can you make your business more profitable? How much profit can a hookah lounge make?Ī hookah lounge can make quite a lot of money, if it’s successful. This isn’t necessary, but it can definitely retain customers if it’s balanced against the expense. You can also offer to replace the bowl’s shisha, if you’d like. Each smoking “experience” includes one hookah to be smoked. How much can you charge customers?Ĭustomers can be charged about $10 for a single-person smoking experience, $15 for a three-person smoking experience, and $20 for a four-person smoking experience. Other hookah lounges may sell food or even alcoholic beverages. These accessories include coals, hoses, and vases. Or, they can sell hookahs and hookah accessories. Hookah lounges can also make money by selling shisha separately. A large bowl, for example, may burn longer. Normally, a hookah lounge will determine a bowl’s price by how much shisha it can hold. Hookah lounges can either charge by the hour, or they can charge by the bowl’s size. Normally, one hookah is shared between two and four people. A hookah “session” is paid for either before it begins or after it is over. How does a hookah lounge make money?Ī hookah lounge makes most of its money by giving patrons a hookah to smoke. Hookah lounges make a lot of money from familiars, often creating deals and discounts for them. Every lost hookah reduces the overall number of people who will buy services. Hookahs are fragile, and a hookah lounge owner will lose money if their hookahs are broken. Because hookah smokers need to be at least 18 years old, the hookah-smoking culture can be chaotic. The best customers are those who aren’t rowdy. The same container can be split across multiple hookahs, resulting in a profit of about $100. A 50-gram container of shisha can cost as little as $10 to buy. Normally, a hookah lounge will cost about $2,000 to $3,000 per month to run. Ongoing expenses include rent, utilities, cleaning, hookah replacement, and shisha replacement. What are the ongoing expenses for a hookah lounge? Typically, a lounge will carry between 10 and 30 hookahs. The other costs include sourcing useable hookahs and shisha. It also includes licensing and insurance. This price includes having a nice retail space to fund. What are the costs involved in opening a hookah lounge?Ī hookah lounge costs about $40,0000 to start. It's very important to secure your domain name before someone else does. When registering a business name, we recommend researching your business name by checking: If you operate a sole proprietorship, you might want to operate under a business name other than your own name. If you don’t already have a name in mind, visit our How to Name a Business guide or get help brainstorming a name with our Hookah Lounge Name Generator What will you name your business?Ĭhoosing the right name is important and challenging. Luckily we have done a lot of this research for you.
1/21/2024 0 Comments Define bjtThe highest current gain is obtained at the common collector the configuration. The ratio of the currents generated at the output to the input value of the current referred to as the current gain of the particular transistor. This voltage gain depends on the currents generated based on its configurations and the resistors connected across it. The voltage gain is defined as the ratio between the output voltages to the applied input voltage. In this way, the characteristics for the various configurations of the bipolar junction transistor are compared. The characteristics of the BJT depends upon the configurations of it are classified whether it is of the common emitter, common base, and the common collector. Bipolar Junction Transistor Characteristics In this way, the biasing techniques for the transistors are classified. Hence the equal or the fixed amounts of the voltages are supplied to the base terminal. The resistors arranged in the form of potential divider circuitry. This type of bias is the most frequently used. This type of bias is also referred to as the voltage divider bias. This will reduce the effect of the temperature on the Q-point by making it stable (3) Self-Bias In this way, the current at the base gets reduced simultaneously the current value at the collector is reduced. If the collector current tends to increase there can be the voltage drop at the resistor resulting in the reduction of the value of the voltage across the resistor of the base. This type of bias is preferred during the stabilization of the Q-point against the temperature changes. In this, the resistor of the base is collected across the collector rather than connecting it to the supply. In this way, the Q-point can also be monitored. If the values of the resistance are varied based on it the current at the terminal base can be adjusted. In this type of bias, the connection of the single power supply will be maintained between the base and the collector with the help of the two resistors. This bias is also referred to as the base bias. Hence this Q-point concept in the active region and in the other modes in order to make it stable there is the requirement of the biasing. That is either it should function in completely ON mode or the OFF mode. This type of region is referred to as the saturation region.ĭuring the application of the transistor as a switch, the cut-off mode and the saturation modes are preferred. In this both the junctions must be at the forward mode that is on highly conducting mode. In this, the q-point will be at the center of the characteristics curve so that it is most frequently used during the operations. This type of region is referred to as the active region. In this, the one junction must be kept in the mode of forwarding bias the other will be at the reverse bias. The region formed is defined as the cut-off region. Hence there is no evident supply of the voltages seen. (1) Cut-off regionĪs both the junctions of the transistors are not supplied with any external supply. This biasing leads to the major process of the transistor based on which the regions are classified. The biasing of the bipolar junction transistor is nothing but the application of the external supply of the voltages to the respective junctions involved in it. This represents the equivalent circuit of BJT. Hence the circuit of BJT can be represented by the two diodes with the junction P-N. P-N-P Transistor Equivalent Circuit Representation (BJT) Hence these diodes lead to the formation of the two respective junctions which further relates to the presence of terminals in it. Equivalent Circuit of BJTĪs the discussion of transistors makes it very clear that the formation of the transistor is due to the involvement of the two diodes connected back to the back of it. In P-N-P the majority of the carriers are holes and in N-P-N the majority of the carriers are the electrons. The working principle remains the same for both P-N-P and the N-P-N transistor but the only difference between them is there majority charge carriers. The amount of generated base current is less compared to that of the currents generated at the emitter and the collector. The emitter current generated is the sum of the base and the collector currents. In this way, the currents at the emitter, base, and the collector are generated. Because of the forward biasing at the base and the emitter the flow of the majority carriers takes place from the emitter to the base.Īs the region at the base is of light doping concentration, not all the majority carriers combine some of them tends to flow towards the collector. As considered the junction of base and the emitter is in the forward bias and the collector-base junction is in revere bias. The three terminals present in the BJT are responsible for the formation of the junctions of the emitter and the base as well as a collector and the base. |
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